韋恩食記

詳細解答： http://www.kekenet.com/toefl/201408/324269.shtml

題目
Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies.

聽力部分

Scientists have learned some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies.
科學家發現一些關於嬰兒智力的有趣事情。

They say there's evidence that babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic, that they can add.
他們說證據顯示五個月大的嬰兒可以做出基本的加法運算。

Scientists think babies know one plus one equals two and not one.
科學家認為嬰兒知道一加一等於二而不是一。

The evidence is indirect because obviously you can't ask a five-month old baby to add up some numbers for you.
這項證據是間接的，因為你顯然無法要求一名五個月大的嬰兒做數字上的加法。

So they devised an experiment where, um, in this experiment a baby is shown a doll on a table.
因此，他們設計了一個實驗，在這個實驗中，給嬰兒看桌上的一個娃娃。

Ok, so the baby looks at the doll.
所以嬰兒看著娃娃。

Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, so now the doll is hidden behind the screen.
接著研究人員降低布幕擋在娃娃的前面，因此現在娃娃被擋在布幕後面。

But the baby has already seen the doll and, so, knows it's there.
但是嬰兒已經看過娃娃了，所以知道在那裡。

Well, then the researcher takes a second doll and very obviously places it behind the screen with the first one.
接著研究人員將第二隻娃娃放在布幕後方非常明顯的位置。

Ok, so now you have two dolls behind the screen, right?
好，所以現在有兩隻娃娃在布幕後面，對吧？

Well, no, cause what the researcher did was they secretly took away one of the dolls.
不，研究人員偷偷拿走其中一隻娃娃。

And then when they raised the screen back up, the baby, well, it expects to see two dolls, right?
然後將布幕收回，寶寶期望看到兩隻娃娃，對吧？

But there's only one there!
但是只有一隻在那裡！

And guess what?
猜猜看如何？

The baby surprised!
嬰兒很驚訝！

It expects two but it only sees one.
期望看到兩隻，卻只有看到一隻。

How could the researchers tell that the baby surprised?
研究人員如何得知嬰兒感到驚訝？

Well, they recorded the baby's eye movement on camera.
他們用相機記錄嬰兒眼睛的活動。

And we know that when a baby is surprised by something, a loud noise or an unexpected flash of light maybe, it stares at where the noise or light is coming from.
所以我們得知當嬰兒對某些事情感到驚訝的時候，例如巨大的噪音或是意外的強光，他會盯著噪音或是光的來源。

And that's what the babies in the experiment did.
這就是嬰兒在實驗中所做的。

They stared, because the babies know if you add one doll and one doll, you should have two dolls.
他們凝視，因為他們知道如果你放了一隻娃娃和另一隻娃娃，應該有兩隻娃娃。

So when it sees one doll, then it stares because it's surprised.
所以當他們只看到一隻娃娃，他會因為驚訝而凝視。

回答範例
The evidence suggests that babies as young as five month old can do some basic math.
證據表示，只有五個月大的嬰兒可以做一些基本的數學運算。

The researcher give a study to confirm the evidence is true.
研究人員進行研究以確認證據是真實的。

In the study, a baby is shown a doll on a table.
在研究中，給嬰兒看在桌子上的一隻洋娃娃。

Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, and puts a second doll behind the screen.
然後，研究人員將屏幕降到娃娃前面，然後將第二個娃娃放到屏幕後面。

But at the same time, they secretly take away one doll.
但與此同時，他們偷偷拿走了一個洋娃娃。

When the screen is raised back up, the baby is surprised to see only one doll on the table instead of two.
當屏幕重新抬起時，嬰兒驚訝地看著桌上只有一個洋娃娃，而不是兩個。

The researchers know it's surprised, because they use the camera to record the baby's eyes movement.
研究人員知道嬰兒很驚訝，因為他們使用相機記錄了嬰兒的眼睛運動。

This is how they confirmed that babies know one plus one equals two, not one.
這就是他們確認嬰兒知道一加一等於二而不是一的方式。